Which of the following is listed as an immunological minor criterion for diagnosing infective endocarditis?

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Immunologic phenomena arise in infective endocarditis from immune complex deposition during the infection. Osler nodes are tender nodules on the digits caused by immune complex–mediated vasculitis, and glomerulonephritis occurs from immune complexes in the kidneys. These immune-mediated findings are a minor criterion and help support the diagnosis when other criteria are present. Fever is a nonspecific systemic sign, not an immunologic finding. Vascular phenomena (like Janeway lesions) reflect embolic/vascular events, and a single positive blood culture is microbiologic evidence, not immunologic.