Virchow's triad includes which three factors?

• A. Stasis, vascular injury, hypercoagulability
• B. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes
• C. Fibrosis, edema, dehydration
• D. Immunologic deficiency, infection, dehydration

Answer: (A)

Virchow's triad describes three conditions that promote thrombosis: stasis of blood flow, injury to the vessel endothelium, and a hypercoagulable state. The option listing stasis, vascular injury, and hypercoagulability matches these three factors exactly, so it best captures the concept.

The other choices mix factors not part of this triad: atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes are risk factors for vascular disease but not the three components of the triad; fibrosis, edema, dehydration are not the triad; immunologic deficiency, infection, dehydration aren’t the triad either (although dehydration can influence coagulation, it isn’t one of the core components).